It includes focusing ability, binocular function and eye movements. After assessment, appropriate management regimens including amblyopia treatment, orthoptic exercises, optical devices and/or eye muscle surgery are suggested. Optical devices include lenses (with or without prism) and bifocal spectacles. Orthoptic home exercises are sometimes advised for reading problems secondary to convergence and focusing deficiencies (convergence insufficiency). Exercises do not treat learning disabilities.
We have also the Hess coordimeter as an aid in the diagnosis of palsies of the extrinsic ocular muscles.